COENZYME Q10 – Uses, Side Effects, and More

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Cordero, M. D., Alcocer-Gomez, E., de, Miguel M., Cano-Garcia, F. J., Luque, C. M., Fernandez-Riejo, P., Fernandez, A. M., and Sanchez-Alcazar, J. A. Coenzyme Q(10): a novel therapeutic approach for Fibromyalgia? case series with 5 patients. Mitochondrion. 2011;11(4):623-625. View abstract.

Cordero, M. D., Cotan, D., del-Pozo-Martin, Y., Carrion, A. M., de, Miguel M., Bullon, P., and Sanchez-Alcazar, J. A. Oral coenzyme Q10 supplementation improves clinical symptoms and recovers pathologic alterations in blood mononuclear cells in a fibromyalgia patient. Nutrition 2012;28(11-12):1200-1203. View abstract.

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Costeff, H., Apter, N., Elpeleg, O. N., Prialnic, M., and Bohles, H. J. Ineffectiveness of oral coenzyme Q10 supplementation in 3- methylglutaconic aciduria, type 3. Brain Dev. 1998;20(1):33-35. View abstract.

Cyrus-Hajmassy, M. [Bilateral visual deterioration in excessive tobacco and alcohol consumption]. Ophthalmologe 2012;109(9):901-906. View abstract.

D’Andrea, G., Bussone, G., Allais, G., Aguggia, M., D’Onofrio, F., Maggio, M., Moschiano, F., Saracco, M. G., Terzi, M. G., Petretta, V., and Benedetto, C. Efficacy of Ginkgolide B in the prophylaxis of migraine with aura. Neurol.Sci 2009;30 Suppl 1:S121-S124. View abstract.

Dai, Y. L., Luk, T. H., Yiu, K. H., Wang, M., Yip, P. M., Lee, S. W., Li, S. W., Tam, S., Fong, B., Lau, C. P., Siu, C. W., and Tse, H. F. Reversal of mitochondrial dysfunction by coenzyme Q10 supplement improves endothelial function in patients with ischaemic left ventricular systolic dysfunction: a randomized controlled trial. Atherosclerosis 2011;216(2):395-401. View abstract.

Damian, M. S., Ellenberg, D., Gildemeister, R., Lauermann, J., Simonis, G., Sauter, W., and Georgi, C. Coenzyme Q10 combined with mild hypothermia after cardiac arrest: a preliminary study. Circulation 11-9-2004;110(19):3011-3016. View abstract.

Deichmann, R. E., Lavie, C. J., and Dornelles, A. C. Impact of coenzyme Q-10 on parameters of cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle performance in older athletes taking statins. Phys.Sportsmed. 2012;40(4):88-95. View abstract.

Del Mar, C. B., Glasziou, P. P., Spinks, A. B., and Sanders, S. L. Is coenzyme Q10 helpful for patients with idiopathic cardiomyopathy? Med J Aust. 4-16-2001;174(8):421. View abstract.

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Digiesi V, Cantini F, and Brodbeck B. Effect of coenzyme Q10 on essential arterial hypertension. Current Therapeutic Research 1990;47(5):841-845.

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Disdier, P., Harle, J. R., Figarella-Branger, D., Cherif, A. A., Desnuelle, C., and Weiller, P. J. [Ptosis and asthenia manifesting a mitochondrial myopathy]. Rev Med Interne 1992;13(5):381-383. View abstract.

Donovan, L. E. and Severin, N. E. Maternally inherited diabetes and deafness in a North American kindred: tips for making the diagnosis and review of unique management issues. J Clin Endocrinol.Metab 2006;91(12):4737-4742. View abstract.

Drinkard, B. E., Keyser, R. E., Paul, S. M., Arena, R., Plehn, J. F., Yanovski, J. A., and Di Prospero, N. A. Exercise capacity and idebenone intervention in children and adolescents with Friedreich ataxia. Arch Phys.Med Rehabil. 2010;91(7):1044-1050. View abstract.

Duncan, A. J., Bitner-Glindzicz, M., Meunier, B., Costello, H., Hargreaves, I. P., Lopez, L. C., Hirano, M., Quinzii, C. M., Sadowski, M. I., Hardy, J., Singleton, A., Clayton, P. T., and Rahman, S. A nonsense mutation in COQ9 causes autosomal-recessive neonatal-onset primary coenzyme Q10 deficiency: a potentially treatable form of mitochondrial disease. Am J Hum Genet. 2009;84(5):558-566. View abstract.

Dunn, S. P., Bleske, B., Dorsch, M., Macaulay, T., Van, Tassell B., and Vardeny, O. Nutrition and heart failure: impact of drug therapies and management strategies. Nutr Clin Pract 2009;24(1):60-75. View abstract.

Eiholzer, U., Meinhardt, U., Rousson, V., Petrovic, N., Schlumpf, M., and l’Allemand, D. Developmental profiles in young children with Prader-Labhart-Willi syndrome: effects of weight and therapy with growth hormone or coenzyme Q10. Am J Med Genet.A 4-1-2008;146(7):873-880. View abstract.

El-ghoroury, E. A., Raslan, H. M., Badawy, E. A., El-Saaid, G. S., Agybi, M. H., Siam, I., and Salem, S. I. Malondialdehyde and coenzyme Q10 in platelets and serum in type 2 diabetes mellitus: correlation with glycemic control. Blood Coagul.Fibrinolysis 2009;20(4):248-251. View abstract.

Esposito, M. and Carotenuto, M. Ginkgolide B complex efficacy for brief prophylaxis of migraine in school-aged children: an open-label study. Neurol.Sci 9-25-2010; View abstract.

Esteves, A. R., Arduino, D. M., Swerdlow, R. H., Oliveira, C. R., and Cardoso, S. M. Oxidative stress involvement in alpha-synuclein oligomerization in Parkinson’s disease cybrids. Antioxid.Redox.Signal. 2009;11(3):439-448. View abstract.

Feher, J., Kovacs, B., Kovacs, I., Schveoller, M., Papale, A., and Balacco, Gabrieli C. Improvement of visual functions and fundus alterations in early age-related macular degeneration treated with a combination of acetyl-L-carnitine, n-3 fatty acids, and coenzyme Q10. Ophthalmologica 2005;219(3):154-166. View abstract.

Feigin A, Kieburtz K, Como P, and et al. An open-label trial of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ) in Huntington’s disease (HD) [abstract]. Neurology 1994;44(suppl 2):A397-A398.

Ferrante, K. L., Shefner, J., Zhang, H., Betensky, R., O’Brien, M., Yu, H., Fantasia, M., Taft, J., Beal, M. F., Traynor, B., Newhall, K., Donofrio, P., Caress, J., Ashburn, C., Freiberg, B., O’Neill, C., Paladenech, C., Walker, T., Pestronk, A., Abrams, B., Florence, J., Renna, R., Schierbecker, J., Malkus, B., and Cudkowicz, M. Tolerance of high-dose (3,000 mg/day) coenzyme Q10 in ALS. Neurology 12-13-2005;65(11):1834-1836. View abstract.

Ferrer, M. D., Tauler, P., Sureda, A., Pujol, P., Drobnic, F., Tur, J. A., and Pons, A. A soccer match’s ability to enhance lymphocyte capability to produce ROS and induce oxidative damage. Int.J Sport Nutr Exerc.Metab 2009;19(3):243-258. View abstract.

Fetoni, A. R., Garzaro, M., Ralli, M., Landolfo, V., Sensini, M., Pecorari, G., Mordente, A., Paludetti, G., and Giordano, C. The monitoring role of otoacoustic emissions and oxidative stress markers in the protective effects of antioxidant administration in noise-exposed subjects: a pilot study. Med Sci Monit. 2009;15(11):R1-R8. View abstract.

Fiorella PL, Bargossi AM Grossi G Motta R Senaldi R Battino M Sassi S Sprovieri G Lubich T. Metabolic effects of coenzyme Q10 treatment in high level athletes. Biomedical and clinical aspects of Coenzyme Q10 1991;513-520.

Fogagnolo, P., Sacchi, M., Ceresara, G., Paderni, R., Lapadula, P., Orzalesi, N., and Rossetti, L. The effects of topical coenzyme Q10 and vitamin E D-alpha-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate after cataract surgery: a clinical and in vivo confocal study. Ophthalmologica 2013;229(1):26-31. View abstract.

Folkers K. Critique of coenzyme Q in biochemical and biomedical research and in ten years of clinical research on cardiovascular disease. J Mol Med 2002;2:431-460.

Folkers, K. and Wolaniuk, A. Research on coenzyme Q10 in clinical medicine and in immunomodulation. Drugs Exp.Clin Res 1985;11(8):539-545. View abstract.

Folkers, K., Drzewoski, J., Richardson, P. C., Ellis, J., Shizukuishi, S., and Baker, L. Bioenergetics in clinical medicine. XVI. Reduction of hypertension in patients by therapy with coenzyme Q10. Res Commun.Chem Pathol.Pharmacol 1981;31(1):129-140. View abstract.

Folkers, K., Langsjoen, P., and Langsjoen, P. H. Therapy with coenzyme Q10 of patients in heart failure who are eligible or ineligible for a transplant. Biochem Biophys.Res Commun. 1-15-1992;182(1):247-253. View abstract.

Folkers, K., Morita, M., and McRee, J., Jr. The activities of coenzyme Q10 and vitamin B6 for immune responses. Biochem Biophys.Res Commun. 5-28-1993;193(1):88-92. View abstract.

Folkers, K., Wolaniuk, J., Simonsen, R., Morishita, M., and Vadhanavikit, S. Biochemical rationale and the cardiac response of patients with muscle disease to therapy with coenzyme Q10. Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci U.S.A 1985;82(13):4513-4516. View abstract.

Forgionne, G. A. Bovine cartilage, coenzyme Q10, and wheat grass therapy for primary peritoneal cancer. J Altern.Complement Med 2005;11(1):161-165. View abstract.

Fujimoto, S., Kurihara, N., Hirata, K., and Takeda, T. Effects of coenzyme Q10 administration on pulmonary function and exercise performance in patients with chronic lung diseases. Clin Investig. 1993;71(8 Suppl):S162-S166. View abstract.

Fumagalli, S., Fattirolli, F., Guarducci, L., Cellai, T., Baldasseroni, S., Tarantini, F., Di, Bari M., Masotti, G., and Marchionni, N. Coenzyme Q10 terclatrate and creatine in chronic heart failure: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Clin Cardiol. 2011;34(4):211-217. View abstract.

Galili, N., Sechman, E. V., Cerny, J., Mehdi, M., Mumtaz, M., Westervelt, P., Maguire, J., and Raza, A. Clinical response of myelodysplastic syndromes patients to treatment with coenzyme Q10. Leuk.Res 2007;31(1):19-26. View abstract.

Gane, E. J., Weilert, F., Orr, D. W., Keogh, G. F., Gibson, M., Lockhart, M. M., Frampton, C. M., Taylor, K. M., Smith, R. A., and Murphy, M. P. The mitochondria-targeted anti-oxidant mitoquinone decreases liver damage in a phase II study of hepatitis C patients. Liver Int. 2010;30(7):1019-1026. View abstract.

Gazdikova, K., Gvozdjakova, A., Kucharska, J., Spustova, V., Braunova, Z., and Dzurik, R. [Effect of coenzyme Q10 in patients with kidney diseases]. Cas.Lek.Cesk. 5-24-2001;140(10):307-310. View abstract.

Geng, A., Li, B., and Guo, Y. Effects of dietary L-carnitine and coenzyme Q10 at different supplemental ages on growth performance and some immune response in ascites-susceptible broilers. Arch.Anim Nutr. 2007;61(1):50-60. View abstract.

Gerards, M., van den Bosch, B., Calis, C., Schoonderwoerd, K., van, Engelen K., Tijssen, M., de, Coo R., van der Kooi, A., and Smeets, H. Nonsense mutations in CABC1/ADCK3 cause progressive cerebellar ataxia and atrophy. Mitochondrion. 2010;10(5):510-515. View abstract.

Ghiringhelli, G. [Therapy with ubidecarenone in various cardiopathies with and without decompensation. Comparison with a standard therapy]. Boll.Chim.Farm. 1986;125(3):28S-33S. View abstract.

Gini, M., Schiavi, M., and Mazzola, C. [Ubidecarenone (coenzyme Q10) in the therapy of chronic cor pulmonale]. Boll.Chim.Farm. 1985;124(4):21S-28S. View abstract.

Glover, E. I., Martin, J., Maher, A., Thornhill, R. E., Moran, G. R., and Tarnopolsky, M. A. A randomized trial of coenzyme Q10 in mitochondrial disorders. Muscle Nerve 2010;42(5):739-748. View abstract.

Goda, S., Hamada, T., Ishimoto, S., Kobayashi, T., Goto, I., and Kuroiwa, Y. Clinical improvement after administration of coenzyme Q10 in a patient with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy. J Neurol. 1987;234(1):62-63. View abstract.

Gokbel, H., Gul, I., Belviranl, M., and Okudan, N. The effects of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on performance during repeated bouts of supramaximal exercise in sedentary men. J Strength Cond.Res 2010;24(1):97-102. View abstract.

Gold, R., Seibel, P., Reinelt, G., Schindler, R., Landwehr, P., Beck, A., and Reichmann, H. Phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the evaluation of mitochondrial myopathies: results of a 6-month therapy study with coenzyme Q. Eur.Neurol. 1996;36(4):191-196. View abstract.

Golomb, B. A., Kwon, E. K., Koperski, S., and Evans, M. A. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-like conditions in possible association with cholesterol-lowering drugs: an analysis of patient reports to the University of California, San Diego (UCSD) Statin Effects Study. Drug Saf 2009;32(8):649-661. View abstract.

Gottlieb, S. S., Khatta, M., and Fisher, M. L. Coenzyme Q10 and Congestive Heart Failure. Ann.Intern.Med 11-7-2000;133(9):745-746. View abstract.

Gregersen, N., Andresen, B. S., Pedersen, C. B., Olsen, R. K., Corydon, T. J., and Bross, P. Mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation defects-remaining challenges. J Inherit.Metab Dis 2008;31(5):643-657. View abstract.

Gruber, J., Schaffer, S., and Halliwell, B. The mitochondrial free radical theory of ageing-where do we stand? Front Biosci 2008;13:6554-6579. View abstract.

Guastini, L., Mora, R., Dellepiane, M., Santomauro, V., Giorgio, M., and Salami, A. Water-soluble coenzyme Q10 formulation in presbycusis: long-term effects. Acta Otolaryngol. 2011;131(5):512-517. View abstract.

Gul, I., Gokbel, H., Belviranli, M., Okudan, N., Buyukbas, S., and Basarali, K. Oxidative stress and antioxidant defense in plasma after repeated bouts of supramaximal exercise: the effect of coenzyme Q10. J Sports Med Phys.Fitness 2011;51(2):305-312. View abstract.

Gutzmann, H., Kuhl, K. P., Hadler, D., and Rapp, M. A. Safety and efficacy of idebenone versus tacrine in patients with Alzheimer’s disease: results of a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group multicenter study. Pharmacopsychiatry 2002;35(1):12-18. View abstract.

Gvozdjakova A, Kucharska J, Braunova Z, and et al. Beneficial effect of CoQ10 on the antioxidative status and metabolism of fats and sugars in diabetic patients. First Conference of the International Coenzyme Q10 Association 2002;

Gvozdjakova A, Kucharska J, Lepies P, and et al. Decreased level of sperm coenzyme Q10, mitochondrial respiration and energy production in infertile patients therapeutic effect on coenzyme Q10 (a pilot study). First Conference of the International Coenzyme Q10 Association 2002;

Gvozdjakova, A., Kucharska, J., Bartkovjakova, M., Gazdikova, K., and Gazdik, F. E. Coenzyme Q10 supplementation reduces corticosteroids dosage in patients with bronchial asthma. Biofactors 2005;25(1-4):235-240. View abstract.

Haginoya, K., Miyabayashi, S., Kikuchi, M., Kojima, A., Yamamoto, K., Omura, K., Uematsu, M., Hino-Fukuyo, N., Tanaka, S., and Tsuchiya, S. Efficacy of idebenone for respiratory failure in a patient with Leigh syndrome: a long-term follow-up study. J Neurol.Sci 3-15-2009;278(1-2):112-114. View abstract.

Hamilton, S. J., Chew, G. T., and Watts, G. F. Coenzyme Q10 improves endothelial dysfunction in statin-treated type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Care 2009;32(5):810-812. View abstract.

Hanisch, F. and Zierz, S. Only transient increase of serum CoQ subset 10 during long-term CoQ10 therapy in mitochondrial ophthalmoplegia. Eur.J Med.Res 11-12-2003;8(11):485-491. View abstract.

Harinstein, M. E., Berliner, J. I., Shah, S. J., Taegtmeyer, H., and Gheorghiade, M. Normalization of ejection fraction and resolution of symptoms in chronic severe heart failure is possible with modern medical therapy: clinical observations in 11 patients. Am J Ther 2008;15(3):206-213. View abstract.

Hart, P. E., Lodi, R., Rajagopalan, B., Bradley, J. L., Crilley, J. G., Turner, C., Blamire, A. M., Manners, D., Styles, P., Schapira, A. H., and Cooper, J. M. Antioxidant treatment of patients with Friedreich ataxia: four-year follow-up. Arch.Neurol. 2005;62(4):621-626. View abstract.

Hauser, R. A. Early pharmacologic treatment in Parkinson’s disease. Am J Manag.Care 2010;16 Suppl Implications:S100-S107. View abstract.

Henchcliffe, C. and Beal, M. F. Mitochondrial biology and oxidative stress in Parkinson disease pathogenesis. Nat.Clin Pract Neurol. 2008;4(11):600-609. View abstract.

Hernandez-Ojeda, J., Cardona-Munoz, E. G., Roman-Pintos, L. M., Troyo-Sanroman, R., Ortiz-Lazareno, P. C., Cardenas-Meza, M. A., Pascoe-Gonzalez, S., and Miranda-Diaz, A. G. The effect of ubiquinone in diabetic polyneuropathy: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study. J.Diabetes Complications 2012;26(4):352-358. View abstract.

Hertz, N. and Lister, R. E. Improved survival in patients with end-stage cancer treated with coenzyme Q(10) and other antioxidants: a pilot study. J Int.Med Res 2009;37(6):1961-1971. View abstract.

Hirano, M., Quinzii, C. M., and DiMauro, S. Restoring balance to ataxia with coenzyme Q10 deficiency. J Neurol.Sci 7-15-2006;246(1-2):11-12. View abstract.

Hoenjet, K. M., Dagnelie, P. C., Delaere, K. P., Wijckmans, N. E., Zambon, J. V., and Oosterhof, G. O. Effect of a nutritional supplement containing vitamin E, selenium, vitamin c and coenzyme Q10 on serum PSA in patients with hormonally untreated carcinoma of the prostate: a randomised placebo-controlled study. Eur Urol 2005;47(4):433-439. View abstract.

Horvath, R., Gorman, G., and Chinnery, P. F. How can we treat mitochondrial encephalomyopathies? Approaches to therapy. Neurotherapeutics. 2008;5(4):558-568. View abstract.

Horvath, R., Schneiderat, P., Schoser, B. G., Gempel, K., Neuen-Jacob, E., Ploger, H., Muller-Hocker, J., Pongratz, D. E., Naini, A., DiMauro, S., and Lochmuller, H. Coenzyme Q10 deficiency and isolated myopathy. Neurology 1-24-2006;66(2):253-255. View abstract.

Iarussi, D., Auricchio, U., Agretto, A., Murano, A., Giuliano, M., Casale, F., Indolfi, P., and Iacono, A. Protective effect of coenzyme Q10 on anthracyclines cardiotoxicity: control study in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and non- Hodgkin lymphoma. Mol.Aspects Med 1994;15 Suppl:s207-s212. View abstract.

Imanaka K, Izumiyama K, and Sakaguchi T et al. Effect of coenzyme Q10 and azelastin on protecting radiation pneumonitis with lung cancer. Journal of Japan Society for Cancer Therapy 1994;29:2010-2015.

Inui, M., Ooe, M., Fujii, K., Matsunaka, H., Yoshida, M., and Ichihashi, M. Mechanisms of inhibitory effects of CoQ10 on UVB-induced wrinkle formation in vitro and in vivo. Biofactors 2008;32(1-4):237-243. View abstract.

Ishiyama, T., Morita, Y., Toyama, S., Yamagami, T., and Tsukamoto, N. A clinical study of the effect of coenzyme Q on congestive heart failure. Jpn.Heart J 1976;17(1):32-42. View abstract.

Islam, J., Uretsky, B. F., and Sierpina, V. S. Heart failure improvement with CoQ10, Hawthorn, and magnesium in a patient scheduled for cardiac resynchronization-defibrillator therapy: a case study. Explore.(NY) 2006;2(4):339-341. View abstract.

Isobe, C., Abe, T., and Terayama, Y. Increase in the oxidized/total coenzyme Q-10 ratio in the cerebrospinal fluid of Alzheimer’s disease patients. Dement.Geriatr.Cogn Disord. 2009;28(5):449-454. View abstract.

Isobe, C., Abe, T., and Terayama, Y. Levels of reduced and oxidized coenzyme Q-10 and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with living Parkinson’s disease demonstrate that mitochondrial oxidative damage and/or oxidative DNA damage contributes to the neurodegenerative process. Neurosci.Lett. 1-18-2010;469(1):159-163. View abstract.

Isobe, C., Abe, T., and Terayama, Y. Levels of reduced and oxidized coenzyme Q-10 and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine in the CSF of patients with Alzheimer’s disease demonstrate that mitochondrial oxidative damage and/or oxidative DNA damage contributes to the neurodegenerative process. J Neurol. 2010;257(3):399-404. View abstract.

Jacobson, B. H., Smith, D. B., Warren, A. J., Glass, R. G., Kline, C., Fedick, J. L., and Stemm, J. Assessment of the effectiveness of a sublingual, ergogenic spray on muscle strength and power. J Strength Cond.Res 2009;23(8):2326-2330. View abstract.

Jeejeebhoy, F., Keith, M., Freeman, M., Barr, A., McCall, M., Kurian, R., Mazer, D., and Errett, L. Nutritional supplementation with MyoVive repletes essential cardiac myocyte nutrients and reduces left ventricular size in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. Am Heart J 2002;143(6):1092-1100. View abstract.

Jimenez-Caballero, P. E., Mollejo-Villanueva, M., and Alvarez-Tejerina, A. [Mitochondrial encephalopathy due to complex I deficiency. Brain tissue biopsy findings and clinical course following pharmacological]. Rev.Neurol. 7-1-2008;47(1):27-30. View abstract.

Judy WV, Folkers K, and Hall JH. Improved long-term survival in conezyme Q10 treated chronic heart failure patients compared to conventionally treated patients. In: Folkers K, Littarru GP, and Yamagami T. Biomedical and clinical aspects of coenzyme Q. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers;1991.

Judy WV, Willis RA, and Folkers K. Regression of prostate cancer and plasma specific antigens (PSA) in patients on treatment with COQ10. First Conference of the International Coenzyme Q10 Association 2002;

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Judy, W. V., Stogsdill, W. W., and Folkers, K. Myocardial preservation by therapy with coenzyme Q10 during heart surgery. Clin Investig. 1993;71(8 Suppl):S155-S161. View abstract.

Kaikkonen, J., Kosonen, L., Nyyssonen, K., Porkkala-Sarataho, E., Salonen, R., Korpela, H., and Salonen, J. T. Effect of combined coenzyme Q10 and d-alpha-tocopheryl acetate supplementation on exercise-induced lipid peroxidation and muscular damage: a placebo-controlled double-blind study in marathon runners. Free Radic.Res 1998;29(1):85-92. View abstract.

Kaji, S., Murayama, K., Nagata, I., Nagasaka, H., Takayanagi, M., Ohtake, A., Iwasa, H., Nishiyama, M., Okazaki, Y., Harashima, H., Eitoku, T., Yamamoto, M., Matsushita, H., Kitamoto, K., Sakata, S., Katayama, T., Sugimoto, S., Fujimoto, Y., Murakami, J., Kanzaki, S., and Shiraki, K. Fluctuating liver functions in siblings with MPV17 mutations and possible improvement associated with dietary and pharmaceutical treatments targeting respiratory chain complex II. Mol.Genet.Metab 2009;97(4):292-296. View abstract.

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Kaufmann, P., Thompson, J. L., Levy, G., Buchsbaum, R., Shefner, J., Krivickas, L. S., Katz, J., Rollins, Y., Barohn, R. J., Jackson, C. E., Tiryaki, E., Lomen-Hoerth, C., Armon, C., Tandan, R., Rudnicki, S. A., Rezania, K., Sufit, R., Pestronk, A., Novella, S. P., Heiman-Patterson, T., Kasarskis, E. J., Pioro, E. P., Montes, J., Arbing, R., Vecchio, D., Barsdorf, A., Mitsumoto, H., and Levin, B. Phase II trial of CoQ10 for ALS finds insufficient evidence to justify phase III. Ann Neurol. 2009;66(2):235-244. View abstract.

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Keith, M., Mazer, C. D., Mikhail, P., Jeejeebhoy, F., Briet, F., and Errett, L. Coenzyme Q10 in patients undergoing CABG: Effect of statins and nutritional supplementation. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc.Dis. 2008;18(2):105-111. View abstract.

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Kernt, M., Hirneiss, C., Neubauer, A. S., Ulbig, M. W., and Kampik, A. Coenzyme Q10 prevents human lens epithelial cells from light-induced apoptotic cell death by reducing oxidative stress and stabilizing BAX / Bcl-2 ratio. Acta Ophthalmol. 2010;88(3):e78-e86. View abstract.

Kerr, D. S. Treatment of mitochondrial electron transport chain disorders: a review of clinical trials over the past decade. Mol.Genet.Metab 2010;99(3):246-255. View abstract.

Khan, M., Gross, J., Haupt, H., Jainz, A., Niklowitz, P., Scherer, H., Schmidt, F. P., Klapp, B. F., Reisshauer, A., and Mazurek, B. A pilot clinical trial of the effects of coenzyme Q10 on chronic tinnitus aurium. Otolaryngol.Head Neck Surg 2007;136(1):72-77. View abstract.

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Kim, Y., Sawada, Y., Fujiwara, G., Chiba, H., and Nishimura, T. Therapeutic effect of co-enzyme Q10 on idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy: assessment by iodine-123 labelled 15-(p-iodophenyl)- 3(R,S)-methylpentadecanoic acid myocardial single-photon emission tomography. Eur.J Nucl.Med 1997;24(6):629-634. View abstract.

Klopstock, T., Metz, G., Yu-Wai-Man, P., Buchner, B., Gallenmuller, C., Bailie, M., Nwali, N., Griffiths, P. G., von, Livonius B., Reznicek, L., Rouleau, J., Coppard, N., Meier, T., and Chinnery, P. F. Persistence of the treatment effect of idebenone in Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy. Brain 2013;136(Pt 2):e230. View abstract.

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Kocharian, A., Shabanian, R., Rafiei-Khorgami, M., Kiani, A., and Heidari-Bateni, G. Coenzyme Q10 improves diastolic function in children with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Cardiol.Young. 2009;19(5):501-506. View abstract.

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Kuklinski, B., Weissenbacher, E., and Fahnrich, A. Coenzyme Q10 and antioxidants in acute myocardial infarction. Mol.Aspects Med 1994;15 Suppl:s143-s147. View abstract.

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Laguna, T. A., Sontag, M. K., Osberg, I., Wagener, J. S., Accurso, F. J., and Sokol, R. J. Decreased total serum coenzyme-Q10 concentrations: a longitudinal study in children with cystic fibrosis. J Pediatr 2008;153(3):402-407. View abstract.

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Langsjoen, P. H., Vadhanavikit, S., and Folkers, K. Response of patients in classes III and IV of cardiomyopathy to therapy in a blind and crossover trial with coenzyme Q10. Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci U.S.A 1985;82(12):4240-4244. View abstract.

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Lekoubou, A., Kouame-Assouan, A. E., Cho, T. H., Luaute, J., Nighoghossian, N., and Derex, L. Effect of long-term oral treatment with L-arginine and idebenone on the prevention of stroke-like episodes in an adult MELAS patient. Rev.Neurol.(Paris) 2011;167(11):852-855. View abstract.

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Levy, G., Kaufmann, P., Buchsbaum, R., Montes, J., Barsdorf, A., Arbing, R., Battista, V., Zhou, X., Mitsumoto, H., Levin, B., and Thompson, J. L. A two-stage design for a phase II clinical trial of coenzyme Q10 in ALS. Neurology 3-14-2006;66(5):660-663. View abstract.

LeWitt, P. A. and Taylor, D. C. Protection against Parkinson’s disease progression: clinical experience. Neurotherapeutics. 2008;5(2):210-225. View abstract.

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Lockwood, K., Moesgaard, S., Hanioka, T., and Folkers, K. Apparent partial remission of breast cancer in ‘high risk’ patients supplemented with nutritional antioxidants, essential fatty acids and coenzyme Q10. Mol.Aspects Med 1994;15 Suppl:s231-s240. View abstract.

Lodi, R., Hart, P. E., Rajagopalan, B., Taylor, D. J., Crilley, J. G., Bradley, J. L., Blamire, A. M., Manners, D., Styles, P., Schapira, A. H., and Cooper, J. M. Antioxidant treatment improves in vivo cardiac and skeletal muscle bioenergetics in patients with Friedreich’s ataxia. Ann.Neurol. 2001;49(5):590-596. View abstract.

Lopez, L. C., Schuelke, M., Quinzii, C. M., Kanki, T., Rodenburg, R. J., Naini, A., DiMauro, S., and Hirano, M. Leigh syndrome with nephropathy and CoQ10 deficiency due to decaprenyl diphosphate synthase subunit 2 (PDSS2) mutations. Am J Hum.Genet. 2006;79(6):1125-1129. View abstract.

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Malm, C., Svensson, M., Sjoberg, B., Ekblom, B., and Sjodin, B. Supplementation with ubiquinone-10 causes cellular damage during intense exercise. Acta Physiol Scand. 1996;157(4):511-512. View abstract.

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Marazzi, G., Cacciotti, L., Pelliccia, F., Iaia, L., Volterrani, M., Caminiti, G., Sposato, B., Massaro, R., Grieco, F., and Rosano, G. Long-term effects of nutraceuticals (berberine, red yeast rice, policosanol) in elderly hypercholesterolemic patients. Adv.Ther 2011;28(12):1105-1113. View abstract.

Mari D, Alleva R, Tomasetti M, and et al. Reduction of chemotoxicity and enhancement of antioxidant capacity of plasma in cancer patients treated with conventional therapy plus CoQ10. First Conference of the International Coenzyme Q10 Association 2002;

Matsumura, T., Saji, S., Nakamura, R., and Folkers, K. Evidence for enhanced treatment of periodontal disease by therapy with coenzyme Q. Int J Vitam.Nutr Res 1973;43(4):537-548. View abstract.

Matthews, P. M., Ford, B., Dandurand, R. J., Eidelman, D. H., O’Connor, D., Sherwin, A., Karpati, G., Andermann, F., and Arnold, D. L. Coenzyme Q10 with multiple vitamins is generally ineffective in treatment of mitochondrial disease. Neurology 1993;43(5):884-890. View abstract.

Mauskop, A. Nonmedication, alternative, and complementary treatments for migraine. Continuum (Minneap.Minn.) 2012;18(4):796-806. View abstract.

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Menke, T., Niklowitz, P., Wiesel, T., and Andler, W. Antioxidant level and redox status of coenzyme Q10 in the plasma and blood cells of children with diabetes mellitus type 1. Pediatr Diabetes 2008;9(6):540-545. View abstract.

Mestre, T., Ferreira, J., Coelho, M. M., Rosa, M., and Sampaio, C. Therapeutic interventions for disease progression in Huntington’s disease. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2009;(3):CD006455. View abstract.

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Miles, M. V., Tang, P. H., Miles, L., Steele, P. E., Moye, M. J., and Horn, P. S. Validation and application of an HPLC-EC method for analysis of coenzyme Q10 in blood platelets. Biomed.Chromatogr. 2008;22(12):1403-1408. View abstract.

Mischley, L. K., Allen, J., and Bradley, R. Coenzyme Q10 deficiency in patients with Parkinson’s disease. J.Neurol.Sci. 7-15-2012;318(1-2):72-75. View abstract.

Mizuno, K., Tanaka, M., Nozaki, S., Mizuma, H., Ataka, S., Tahara, T., Sugino, T., Shirai, T., Kajimoto, Y., Kuratsune, H., Kajimoto, O., and Watanabe, Y. Antifatigue effects of coenzyme Q10 during physical fatigue. Nutrition 2008;24(4):293-299. View abstract.

Mizuno, M., Quistorff, B., Theorell, H., Theorell, M., and Chance, B. Effects of oral supplementation of coenzyme Q10 on 31P-NMR detected skeletal muscle energy metabolism in middle-aged post-polio subjects and normal volunteers. Mol.Aspects Med 1997;18 Suppl:S291-S298. View abstract.

Mizushina, Y., Takeuchi, T., Takakusagi, Y., Yonezawa, Y., Mizuno, T., Yanagi, K., Imamoto, N., Sugawara, F., Sakaguchi, K., Yoshida, H., and Fujita, M. Coenzyme Q10 as a potent compound that inhibits Cdt1-geminin interaction. Biochim.Biophys.Acta 2008;1780(2):203-213. View abstract.

Mohr, D., Bowry, V. W., and Stocker, R. Dietary supplementation with coenzyme Q10 results in increased levels of ubiquinol-10 within circulating lipoproteins and increased resistance of human low-density lipoprotein to the initiation of lipid peroxidation. Biochim Biophys Acta 6-26-1992;1126(3):247-254. View abstract.

Molyneux, S. L., Florkowski, C. M., George, P. M., Pilbrow, A. P., Frampton, C. M., Lever, M., and Richards, A. M. Coenzyme Q10: an independent predictor of mortality in chronic heart failure. J Am Coll.Cardiol. 10-28-2008;52(18):1435-1441. View abstract.

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Montero, R., Sanchez-Alcazar, J. A., Briones, P., Navarro-Sastre, A., Gallardo, E., Bornstein, B., Herrero-Martin, D., Rivera, H., Martin, M. A., Marti, R., Garcia-Cazorla, A., Montoya, J., Navas, P., and Artuch, R. Coenzyme Q10 deficiency associated with a mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome: a case report. Clin Biochem. 2009;42(7-8):742-745. View abstract.

Montini, G., Malaventura, C., and Salviati, L. Early coenzyme Q10 supplementation in primary coenzyme Q10 deficiency. N.Engl.J Med 6-26-2008;358(26):2849-2850. View abstract.

Mori, T. A., Burke, V., Puddey, I., Irish, A., Cowpland, C. A., Beilin, L., Dogra, G., and Watts, G. F. The effects of [omega]3 fatty acids and coenzyme Q10 on blood pressure and heart rate in chronic kidney disease: a randomized controlled trial. J Hypertens. 2009;27(9):1863-1872. View abstract.

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Muller, T., Buttner, T., Gholipour, A. F., and Kuhn, W. Coenzyme Q10 supplementation provides mild symptomatic benefit in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Neurosci.Lett. 5-8-2003;341(3):201-204. View abstract.

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Murata, T., Ohtsuka, C., and Terayama, Y. Increased mitochondrial oxidative damage and oxidative DNA damage contributes to the neurodegenerative process in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Free Radic.Res 2008;42(3):221-225. View abstract.

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Muta-Takada, K., Terada, T., Yamanishi, H., Ashida, Y., Inomata, S., Nishiyama, T., and Amano, S. Coenzyme Q10 protects against oxidative stress-induced cell death and enhances the synthesis of basement membrane components in dermal and epidermal cells. Biofactors 2009;35(5):435-441. View abstract.

Myers, L., Farmer, J. M., Wilson, R. B., Friedman, L., Tsou, A., Perlman, S. L., Subramony, S. H., Gomez, C. M., Ashizawa, T., Wilmot, G. R., Mathews, K. D., Balcer, L. J., and Lynch, D. R. Antioxidant use in Friedreich ataxia. J Neurol.Sci 4-15-2008;267(1-2):174-176. View abstract.

Nadjarzadeh, A., Sadeghi, M. R., Amirjannati, N., Vafa, M. R., Motevalian, S. A., Gohari, M. R., Akhondi, M. A., Yavari, P., and Shidfar, F. Coenzyme Q10 improves seminal oxidative defense but does not affect on semen parameters in idiopathic oligoasthenoteratozoospermia: a randomized double-blind, placebo controlled trial. J Endocrinol.Invest 2011;34(8):e224-e228. View abstract.

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Oda, T. Recovery of the systolic time intervals by coenzyme Q10 in patients with a load-induced cardiac dysfunction. Mol.Aspects Med 1997;18 Suppl:S153-S158. View abstract.

Ogasahara, S., Nishikawa, Y., Yorifuji, S., Soga, F., Nakamura, Y., Takahashi, M., Hashimoto, S., Kono, N., and Tarui, S. Treatment of Kearns-Sayre syndrome with coenzyme Q10. Neurology 1986;36(1):45-53. View abstract.

Ogasahara, S., Yorifuji, S., Nishikawa, Y., Takahashi, M., Wada, K., Hazama, T., Nakamura, Y., Hashimoto, S., Kono, N., and Tarui, S. Improvement of abnormal pyruvate metabolism and cardiac conduction defect with coenzyme Q10 in Kearns-Sayre syndrome. Neurology 1985;35(3):372-377. View abstract.

Okamura, T., Sunamori, M., Amano, J., Hirooka, Y., Ozeki, M., Tanaka, A., and Suzuki, A. Combined treatment of coenzyme Q10 and aprotinin with intraaortic balloon pumping following aorto-coronary bypass surgery. Jpn.J Surg 1984;14(2):97-103. View abstract.

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Pineda, M., Montero, R., Aracil, A., O’Callaghan, M. M., Mas, A., Espinos, C., Martinez-Rubio, D., Palau, F., Navas, P., Briones, P., and Artuch, R. Coenzyme Q(10)-responsive ataxia: 2-year-treatment follow-up. Mov Disord. 7-15-2010;25(9):1262-1268. View abstract.

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Premkumar, V. G., Yuvaraj, S., Sathish, S., Shanthi, P., and Sachdanandam, P. Anti-angiogenic potential of CoenzymeQ10, riboflavin and niacin in breast cancer patients undergoing tamoxifen therapy. Vascul.Pharmacol. 2008;48(4-6):191-201. View abstract.

Prieme, H., Loft, S., Nyyssonen, K., Salonen, J. T., and Poulsen, H. E. No effect of supplementation with vitamin E, ascorbic acid, or coenzyme Q10 on oxidative DNA damage estimated by 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′- deoxyguanosine excretion in smokers. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;65(2):503-507. View abstract.

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Ranen, N. G., Peyser, C. E., Coyle, J. T., Bylsma, F. W., Sherr, M., Day, L., Folstein, M. F., Brandt, J., Ross, C. A., and Folstein, S. E. A controlled trial of idebenone in Huntington’s disease. Mov Disord. 1996;11(5):549-554. View abstract.

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Rodriguez, M. C., MacDonald, J. R., Mahoney, D. J., Parise, G., Beal, M. F., and Tarnopolsky, M. A. Beneficial effects of creatine, CoQ10, and lipoic acid in mitochondrial disorders. Muscle Nerve 2007;35(2):235-242. View abstract.

Rodriguez-Hernandez, A., Cordero, M. D., Salviati, L., Artuch, R., Pineda, M., Briones, P., Gomez, Izquierdo L., Cotan, D., Navas, P., and Sanchez-Alcazar, J. A. Coenzyme Q deficiency triggers mitochondria degradation by mitophagy. Autophagy. 1-1-2009;5(1):19-32. View abstract.

Roland, L., Gagne, A., Belanger, M. C., Boutet, M., Berthiaume, L., Fraser, W. D., Julien, P., and Bilodeau, J. F. Existence of compensatory defense mechanisms against oxidative stress and hypertension in preeclampsia. Hypertens.Pregnancy. 2010;29(1):21-37. View abstract.

Rosenfeldt, F. L., Haas, S. J., Krum, H., Hadj, A., Ng, K., Leong, J. Y., and Watts, G. F. Coenzyme Q10 in the treatment of hypertension: a meta-analysis of the clinical trials. J Hum.Hypertens. 2007;21(4):297-306. View abstract.

Rosenfeldt, F. L., Pepe, S., Linnane, A., Nagley, P., Rowland, M., Ou, R., Marasco, S., and Lyon, W. The effects of ageing on the response to cardiac surgery: protective strategies for the ageing myocardium. Biogerontology. 2002;3(1-2):37-40. View abstract.

Rosenfeldt, F., Marasco, S., Lyon, W., Wowk, M., Sheeran, F., Bailey, M., Esmore, D., Davis, B., Pick, A., Rabinov, M., Smith, J., Nagley, P., and Pepe, S. Coenzyme Q10 therapy before cardiac surgery improves mitochondrial function and in vitro contractility of myocardial tissue. J Thorac.Cardiovasc.Surg. 2005;129(1):25-32. View abstract.

Rusciani, L., Proietti, I., Paradisi, A., Rusciani, A., Guerriero, G., Mammone, A., De Gaetano, A., and Lippa, S. Recombinant interferon alpha-2b and coenzyme Q10 as a postsurgical adjuvant therapy for melanoma: a 3-year trial with recombinant interferon-alpha and 5-year follow-up. Melanoma Res 2007;17(3):177-183. View abstract.

Rusciani, L., Proietti, I., Rusciani, A., Paradisi, A., Sbordoni, G., Alfano, C., Panunzi, S., De Gaetano, A., and Lippa, S. Low plasma coenzyme Q10 levels as an independent prognostic factor for melanoma progression. J Am Acad Dermatol 2006;54(2):234-241. View abstract.

Ryo, K., Ito, A., Takatori, R., Tai, Y., Arikawa, K., Seido, T., Yamada, T., Shinpo, K., Tamaki, Y., Fujii, K., Yamamoto, Y., and Saito, I. Effects of coenzyme Q10 on salivary secretion. Clin Biochem 2011;44(8-9):669-674. View abstract.

Sacconi, S., Trevisson, E., Salviati, L., Ayme, S., Rigal, O., Redondo, A. G., Mancuso, M., Siciliano, G., Tonin, P., Angelini, C., Aure, K., Lombes, A., and Desnuelle, C. Coenzyme Q10 is frequently reduced in muscle of patients with mitochondrial myopathy. Neuromuscul.Disord. 2010;20(1):44-48. View abstract.

Sacher, H. L., Sacher, M. L., Landau, S. W., Kersten, R., Dooley, F., Sacher, A., Sacher, M., Dietrick, K., and Ichkhan, K. The clinical and hemodynamic effects of coenzyme Q10 in congestive cardiomyopathy. Am J Ther 1997;4(2-3):66-72. View abstract.

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Salami, A., Mora, R., Dellepiane, M., Manini, G., Santomauro, V., Barettini, L., and Guastini, L. Water-soluble coenzyme Q10 formulation (Q-TER((R))) in the treatment of presbycusis. Acta Otolaryngol. 2010;130(10):1154-1162. View abstract.

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Singh, R. B., Niaz, M. A., Kumar, A., Sindberg, C. D., Moesgaard, S., and Littarru, G. P. Effect on absorption and oxidative stress of different oral Coenzyme Q10 dosages and intake strategy in healthy men. Biofactors 2005;25(1-4):219-224. View abstract.

Singh, R. B., Wander, G. S., Rastogi, A., Shukla, P. K., Mittal, A., Sharma, J. P., Mehrotra, S. K., Kapoor, R., and Chopra, R. K. Randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial of coenzyme Q10 in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Cardiovasc.Drugs Ther. 1998;12(4):347-353. View abstract.

Sival, D. A., du Marchie Sarvaas, G. J., Brouwer, O. F., Uges, D. R., Verschuuren-Bemelmans, C. C., Maurits, N. M., Brunt, E. R., and van der Hoeven, J. H. Neurophysiological evaluation in children with Friedreich’s ataxia. Early Hum.Dev. 2009;85(10):647-651. View abstract.

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Someya, S., Xu, J., Kondo, K., Ding, D., Salvi, R. J., Yamasoba, T., Rabinovitch, P. S., Weindruch, R., Leeuwenburgh, C., Tanokura, M., and Prolla, T. A. Age-related hearing loss in C57BL/6J mice is mediated by Bak-dependent mitochondrial apoptosis. Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci U.S.A 11-17-2009;106(46):19432-19437. View abstract.

Soukoulis, V., Dihu, J. B., Sole, M., Anker, S. D., Cleland, J., Fonarow, G. C., Metra, M., Pasini, E., Strzelczyk, T., Taegtmeyer, H., and Gheorghiade, M. Micronutrient deficiencies an unmet need in heart failure. J Am Coll.Cardiol. 10-27-2009;54(18):1660-1673. View abstract.

Spurney, C. F., Rocha, C. T., Henricson, E., Florence, J., Mayhew, J., Gorni, K., Pasquali, L., Pestronk, A., Martin, G. R., Hu, F., Nie, L., Connolly, A. M., and Escolar, D. M. CINRG pilot trial of coenzyme Q10 in steroid-treated Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Muscle Nerve 2011;44(2):174-178. View abstract.

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Stamelou, M., Reuss, A., Pilatus, U., Magerkurth, J., Niklowitz, P., Eggert, K. M., Krisp, A., Menke, T., Schade-Brittinger, C., Oertel, W. H., and Hoglinger, G. U. Short-term effects of coenzyme Q10 in progressive supranuclear palsy: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Mov Disord. 5-15-2008;23(7):942-949. View abstract.

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Suzuki, Y., Kadowaki, H., Atsumi, Y., Hosokawa, K., Katagiri, H., Kadowaki, T., Oka, Y., Uyama, K., Mokubo, A., Asahina, T., and . A case of diabetic amyotrophy associated with 3243 mitochondrial tRNA(leu; UUR) mutation and successful therapy with coenzyme Q10. Endocr.J 1995;42(2):141-145. View abstract.

Suzuki, Y., Taniyama, M., Muramatsu, T., Atsumi, Y., Hosokawa, K., Asahina, T., Shimada, A., Murata, C., and Matsuoka, K. Diabetes mellitus associated with 3243 mitochondrial tRNA(Leu(UUR)) mutation: clinical features and coenzyme Q10 treatment. Mol.Aspects Med 1997;18 Suppl:S181-S188. View abstract.

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Tanaka, J., Tominaga, R., Yoshitoshi, M., Matsui, K., Komori, M., Sese, A., Yasui, H., and Tokunaga, K. Coenzyme Q10: the prophylactic effect on low cardiac output following cardiac valve replacement. Ann.Thorac.Surg. 1982;33(2):145-151. View abstract.

Tang, K. F., Xing, Y., Wu, C. Y., Liu, R. Z., Wang, X. Y., and Xing, J. P. [Tamoxifen combined with coenzyme Q10 for idiopathic oligoasthenospermia]. Zhonghua Nan.Ke.Xue. 2011;17(7):615-618. View abstract.

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